One of the main challenges of maintaining peaceful international relations is the escalation of distrust and the ensuing arms race.
The possibility that others might attack you is a reason to arm yourself. But this step will in turn be interpreted as a threat by the other, who will in turn arm itself (even more). Etc.
Aren’t there ways to simply invest in purely defensive weapons? So that your efforts to remain safe do not in turn threaten others? Which in turn allows others to also de-escalate?
In other words, are there military set-ups that are useless for offensive actions but good enough for defending a country?
If something is purely defensive and incapable of harming anyone else then it’s not really a “weapon” at all. It would be more like… I don’t know… A really big shield?
It’s a nice thought on paper but I don’t think a big shield being put up is going to convince any other country to stop producing more weapons.
It may actually lead to them producing more powerful weapons if they think they need to get past a big-ass shield now
If everyone was defensive only then there wouldn’t be a need for a defense. It’s a core principle of military combat that a good defense is offense, can’t shoot back if their already dead.
I mean there’s the Iron Dome the US helped fund for Isreal. It’s a short range air defense system. It’s not built for offense, and wouldn’t work well for it from what I understand.
But even that there’s still the ‘self-defense’ mentality where the iron dome could shoot down non-combatants flying within range because of a supposed threat.
The other part of the “self defense” mentality is that a well defended entity is more likely to attack others through whatever means is available with the confidence that they don’t have to fear retaliation. It’s Titanic syndrome.
“Defence only” gives an attacking side 100% initiative and control over what’s going on. They can focus on one place, attack when you are the weakest, take control of that one place (city, village or even a building) and even if it costs them a lot, you have no way to punish it. They can take their time to recover and wait and attack again whenever they want.
Look at the Swiss. They have set up tank barriers and heavily fortified artillery all over the country. The Swiss Alps are basically one big fortress. All across the place you can find buildings looking like houses at first sight, but which turn out to be heavily armored artillery positions, especially at landscape gaps near the border. You can’t cross with tanks because of several rows of concrete teeth hiding in the vegetation, and the only road passing through runs through at least three or four targeting areas.
it will be interesting to see how the swiss adapt to a potential enemy flying drones down the barrels of all those prepositioned arty pieces… a lot have been decommissioned too iirc. knowing the swiss they already have some kind of defenses in development.
like clockwork.
you can use any weapon offensively if you are creative enough, even minefield
I would say no.
Part of war is occupation of territory and a what cost. So defensive structures to hinder army’s movement making it more costly for taking on occupaing it. Bogs are a natural defense are costly in money and time to remove. A courites weath and Ally’s is also a good deturent. All of these can be used offensively but are the least treating. If a war is to costly any dictator wil look weak and be at risk of loosing power. Final thought protection of human rights world wide helps to stop war spreading and the cases of war like poverty.
Technically SAM systems are purely for defence but to get a complete set to defend you need a lot more than just anti-air.
Defence deterrent is based a lot on potential counter attack so if you don’t have a counter attack potential it’s kinda safe to attack you. Nuclear bombs are an example of this, they are the most aggressive and destructive which makes them very effective for deterrence.
One thing Ukraine has shown is that fortifications are super important which are purely defensive. But to guard a long defensive line without a massive standing army you need a crapton of drones which can be use both offensive and defensive.
