Mozambique’s president cannot be sued in the UK over the long-running $2bn “tuna bonds” scandal against Credit Suisse et al.

With these considerations in mind, I conclude that the modification proposed by Vos J where it alters the territorial extent of the commercial activities exception is, with respect, not necessary. Necessity was the threshold that Parliament had set for modifications. I accept the submission of Mr Rodney Dixon KC and Russell Hopkins, appearing for President Nyusi, that to remove what is a clear territorial restriction to what are narrow exceptions for diplomatic immunity in a receiving State in Art. 31(1)© does not fall within the category of “necessary modifications”.