Romans saw sex mainly through a lens of power and domination. They were okay with a man of higher standing penetrating a man of lower social status but if it happened the other way around, the high status man would suffer loss of his masculine honor. With a similar mindset, older men would mentor adolescent men and it was acceptable to engage in sexual acts with them (pederasty).

Its interesting because its not entirely homophobic but still a disturbing way to see the world.

The Kama Sutra was written at around this time and acknowledges same sex marriages as legitimate however, additionally, Vātsyāyana writes positively about sex workers (advising men how to engage with them respectfully) and heavily emphasizes female pleasure (with specific emphasis on female agency and consent), going as far to say it is crucial to living a fulfilling and meaningful life for both partners.

When the text was transmitted to the West they took out all that “political” stuff and focussed on sex positions.